For long trad climbs in the summer, RMNP area ( including Lumpy Ridge) is the main attraction in Colorado. And as such setting up a base in Estes Park would be a sensible choice. Finding housing in such a popular tourist town in peak summer season would be the biggest challenge. Though if you expand your acceptable driving radius a bit, that opens up Front Range towns such as Loveland, with much more housing options. However, the Front Range is just a different... experience than the central or western CO mountain towns.
If you are more interested in being over in western CO, anywhere in the Roaring Fork Valley (Glenwood Springs to Aspen corridor) would be great. Gives you access to the great summer granite in Independence Pass, difficult limestone sport at Rifle, and lots of great lesser known RFV crags in between. The climbing is more cragging oriented though. Also, resorty mountain town problems again, finding housing will be the crux.
The SW corner of the state is pretty amazing also. Durango-Silverton-Ouray. Doesn't really feature mega-destinations for summer rock like the other two zones mentioned, but still lots of smaller zones that will keep you busy. And the San Juan range is spectacular.
I know you mentioned adventurous trad, which definitely brings up thoughts of the Black Canyon, but be aware it gets very hot there in summer.
Avoid Summit County. A popular ski region, with lots of MTB also, but not good for rock climbing. That section of mountains is mostly all choss.