It's a sailing application, but they have information you need on how to achieve the appropriate minimum breaking strength for your application through adjusting needle size, thread size, stitch count per inch, and material types.
The cotton thread would break long before the knot breaks... but the cotton thread is just holding the tails of the knot, which is what is providing the strength, so don't worry about it.
As long as a normal sewing needle, not a leather cutting one, its fine.
The 3 back and forth single stitches with zig zags over are bartack-like, but please don't call them bartacks, I don't care if thats what Sailrite calls them, they are not. What makes a true bar tack is the repeatability in pattern, stitch tension, that you get from a dedicated bartack machine. Which is typically using thread way heavier than a home machine, and still very often heavier than what the small Sailrites can handle. They used V-92 in those tests, because thats pretty much what the small sailrites top out at, that is much heavier than a normal home machine will handle... and smaller than what most bartacks you find in climbing gear will be done with.
I don't have any knowledge on this, but I do know PTPP recommends an EDK with the tails gaffer taped together (sticking out the "top") for hooks in his and Fabios book. I can post a pic of the page later if anyone wants to see it exactly.
This seems like a good way test for some views for one if those YouTubers with a break test machine...
I worked and sewed at Metolius for about 8 years. In response to OP, as many others have pointed out, you'll be fine. I wouldn't recommend everyone do this of course, but the things that we sewed there (PASs, harnesses, anchor chains, bar tack webbing and slings) are all absurdly strong. In addition, we would break a lot of stuff in QC that we found and even a half sewn piece of webbing from a PAS without any bar tacks still broke at like 5KN. Finishing the sewing brought it up to like 15 and the tacks pushed it over 22Kn. A small needle generally wont affect the material you're working with and it almost looks like you've just put additional bar tacks in the webbing. I can't say if it will make it any STRONGER, but it certainly won't make it weaker. Your weakest link would most certainly still be the knot. What COULD happen is that if you fall on the cam and the bar tacks might rip first, but then you still have the knot which would still be fine. Water knots are V strong